Advanced · Module 31

Module 31

Reported
speech

Contar o que alguém disse sem repetir as palavras exatas: o backshift de tempos, as mudanças de pronome e tempo, e como reportar perguntas e ordens.

Tópicosstatements · questions · imperatives · review
Duração estimada40–46 min
02 / 13 · Agenda

O que você vai aprender

Do discurso direto ao indireto.

1 Statements — verbos, pronomes & tempo (o backshift) part 1
2 Questions & imperatives — perguntas e ordens indiretas part 2
3 Review — tudo junto em contexto part 3

Três coisas mudam ao reportar: o tempo verbal (recua um passo), os pronomes (de quem fala para quem conta) e as palavras de tempo/lugar (now → then).

part 1 of 3

01

The backshift

Quando o verbo de relato está no passado (said, told), tudo recua um passo no tempo: present → past, will → would, can → could.

04 / 13 · Tense backshift

Cada tempo recua um passo

O verbo volta no tempo.

discurso direto
→
reported
present simple
→
past simple
present continuous
→
past continuous
past simple / present perfect
→
past perfect
will
→
would
can / may
→
could / might
! Say não leva objeto direto de pessoa; tell sim. "He said (that)…" mas "He told me (that)…".
05 / 13 · Pronouns & time words

O "aqui e agora" do outro vira "lá e então"

Pronomes, tempo e lugar.

direto
→
reported
now
→
then
today
→
that day
tomorrow
→
the next day
yesterday
→
the day before
here · this
→
there · that

E os pronomes mudam de perspectiva: ela diz "I love my job" → você conta "She said she loved her job".

06 / 13 · Beyond say & tell

Cada verbo carrega um tom — e um padrão

Muito além de say e tell.

+ that · neutro explain · add · mention · reply · announce She explained (that) she was late.
+ that · postura admit · deny · claim · insist · complain He insisted (that) he was right.
+ objeto + that remind · warn · assure · convince She reminded me that it was due.
+ to + verbo offer · promise · refuse · agree · threaten He promised to call back.
+ objeto + to + verbo advise · invite · encourage · order · beg She advised me to rest.
+ -ing suggest · recommend · deny · admit He suggested leaving early.

E os verbos de modo — whisper, shout, mutter, scream, cry — só substituem o "say", contando como algo foi dito: "she whispered (that) she was scared".

07 / 13 · Watch out + practice

Cuidado & pratique

Erros comuns + mini exercício.

×Say me / tell que
×She said me she was tired.
✓She told me she was tired.
×Sem backshift
×He said he is busy.
✓He said he was busy.

Practice — reporte a fala

1 "I'm hungry." → She said she hungry.
2 "I'll call you." → He said he call me.
3 "We saw it yesterday." → They said they'd seen it .
part 2 of 3

02

Questions
& commands

Perguntas e ordens têm regras próprias: perguntas perdem a inversão, e ordens viram tell/ask + to + verbo.

09 / 13 · Reported questions

Pergunta indireta = ordem de afirmação

Perguntas perdem o do/does.

"Where do you live?" (wh- question)
→
She asked where I lived.
"Are you tired?" (yes/no question)
→
He asked if / whether I was tired.
! Três mudanças: sem inversão (subject + verb), sem do/does/did, e yes/no vira if/whether. Sem ponto de interrogação.
10 / 13 · Commands & requests

Ordens e pedidos

Tell / ask + objeto + to.

"Wait here." (ordem)
→
He told me to wait there.
"Please help me." (pedido)
→
She asked me to help her.
"Don't go." (ordem negativa)
→
They told me not to go.

A negativa é simples: not to + verbo. "Don't be late" → "She told me not to be late."

part 3 of 3

03

All together

Uma conversa inteira reportada — afirmações, pergunta e pedido — para ver as três regras funcionando ao mesmo tempo.

12 / 13 · In context + practice

Uma cena, três tipos de fala

Tudo junto.

"I'm leaving now."
→
She said she was leaving then.
"Will you come?"
→
She asked if I would come.
"Call me later."
→
She told me to call her later.

Practice — reporte

1 "What time is it?" → He asked what time it .
2 "Don't touch it." → She told me touch it.
3 "Do you like it?" → He asked I liked it.
13 / 13 · Module recap

Para guardar

Reported Speech — resumo.

−1

Backshift

O tempo recua um passo: present→past, will→would, can→could.

is → was
say

Say vs Tell

tell + objeto de pessoa. say sem objeto de pessoa.

told me · said
then

Tempo & lugar

now→then, today→that day, here→there, this→that.

now → then
?

Perguntas

Sem inversão, sem do/does; yes/no vira if/whether.

asked where I lived
to

Ordens & pedidos

tell/ask + objeto + (not) to + verbo.

told me to wait
next

Próximo módulo

Conditionals 3 + Wishes — third conditional, I wish e if only.

module 32 →